Non-Thermal Plasma Review: Assessment and Improvement of Feasibility as a Retrofitted Technology in Tertiary Wastewater Purification

Chlorination, ozonation and non-thermal plasma water purification technologies were compared in terms of their effectiveness, efficiency, capital operating costs, energy yield chemical demand. Retrofitting technology to chlorination plants offered the lowest cost (ZAR 14,000 or USD 253,376 based on current South African Reserve Bank rate ZAR/USD 18.0983) most effective contaminant removal (of three possible combinations). How- ever, this combination yielded highest costs 586,000 per annum 10.6 million) efficiency. It was concluded that retrofitting with is feasible. However, generators should be redesigned consume less operate using renewable energy. Furthermore, research performed contaminants emerging concern establish a deadline after which concentration must not exceed specified limit. This will accelerate implementation secure health our posterity.